Tragic Heroines Medea and Clytemnestra - 994 Words

Aristotle (384-322 B.C. believed that tragedy, as an imitation or mimesis of life as it could be, held more importance than history, which simply records the past. He considered that performance of a tragedy provided the perfect cathartic experience for an audience, leaving them spiritually purified and inspired. He felt spectators seeing and experiencing great hardship befall the play’s hero or heroine would achieve this emotional state and benefit from it. The tragic hero, according to Aristotle, must be essentially good and be of high or noble birth. The misfortune that precedes their downfall must evoke compassion and pity. The tragic hero must experience a peripeteia. Two of the most famous Greek tragic heroes (heroines) were†¦show more content†¦The Chorus chants: Are rivers flowing in reverse? Has everything gone upside down? It should...† (Medea pg. 321). As for Aristotle’s de rigueur error in judgment in the stories of Medea and Agamemnon, Clytemnestra’s hamartia is her decision to kill her husband. Her pronouncement that she and her lover Aegisthus will rule Argos is, perhaps, her worst and final choice. The Chorus laments about destiny, angering the Gods and punishment, â€Å"...to deal in murder, while a womans hand, staining and shaming Argos and its gods, availed to slay him? Ho, if anywhere the light of life smite on Orestes eyes, Let him, returning by some guardian fate, hew down with force h er paramour and her!†. Clytemnestra retorts, â€Å"Heed not thou too highly of them—let the cur-pack growl and yell: I and thou will rule the palace and will order all things well† (Agamemnon, pg. 41). Her choice of Aegisthus as a lover has disastrous results when her son becomes a man and kills him. The Greeks believed a familial curse spans generations. Ignorance or knowledge of the curse collides with predetermined fate and present choices. Destiny inevitably wins out. Similarly, Medea passionately loves Jason and is consumed by the desire to exact revenge for his abandoning her and their children to marry Glauce. Killing her brother seals Medea’s fate. Exiled from her homeland and, bereft of JasonsShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Lives of Athenian Women1880 Words   |  8 Pagesfemale voice was repressed. Our evidence concerning the roles of women within the Athenian state comes through a variety of media; historiography discussing aspects of Athenian law and customs, orators, and imaginative literature such as comic and tragic theatre. Scholars in the past have selectively manipulated these different sources in order to support their predetermined arguments (Pomeroy: 1976; Gould: 1980). I shall briefly look at these individual forms of evidence in turn and try to assessRead MoreMoral Lessons in Antigone3823 Words   |  16 Pagesalive in ancient Greek theater. Woman did not have rights in that time period: she could not participate in government, she had no claim to property or belongings, etc. Many playwrights wrestled with this issue, creating characters such as Clytemnestra, Cassandra, Medea, and Antigone that embodied courage in the midst of a mans world. Ironically, these female heroes would have been played by male hypokrits, as women were not allowed to act in the theater. So phocles hints at the irrationality of the principleRead MoreGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 Pages  The  Achaeans  and  Ionians  descended  from  Achaeos  and  Ion,  sons  of  Hellen’s  other   son,  Xuthus.  These  figures,  in  their  turn,  produced  offspring  who,  along  with  children  born  of  unions   between  divinities  and  mortals,  made  up  the  collection  of  heroes  and  heroines  whose  exploits   constitute  a  central  part  of  Greek  mythology.   C   Heroes   Myths  about  heroes  are  particularly  characteristic  of  Greek  mythology.  Many  of  these  heroes  were  the   sons  of  gods,  and  a  number  of  myths  involved  expeditions  by  these  heroes

How A Business Is Hard Work - 1209 Words

Cookies Paper There are many things that have to be done before the opening. Such as picking a location, figuring out a name, choosing equipment, creating a menu and the most important part of all getting the money. Starting a business is hard work but it should be. Having a business isn’t easy and having successful business is very hard. But getting all of the pieces together start a business is like puzzle. Once created it will be great but getting all the pieces to fit is hard work. Picking out the name of my bakery is very hard because when people will talk about be they will hopefully be refuting to my bakery which means using the name so I have to be proud of it. I would name my bakery Silly Jilly’s. The idea came from a nickname I was given very young everyone in my family always referred to me as Silly Jilly. The name decrease perfectly I don’t take my life or myself to seriously. Plus the name is fun and that is exactly the atmosphere I want in my beery. A carefree, fun, silly feel but a place that has amazing desserts. My location is in Charlotte, North Carolina. The address is 1707 East 7th St. which will cost me 1,395,000 for 5,247 square feet. Just outside the downtown right in the heart of Elizabeth with a lot of hustle and puzzle all around. There is a private parking lot on the side of the building and plenty of street parking. An added plus to this location is that there is a loading dock in the rear of the building. Location is everything whenShow MoreRelatedHannahs Ice Creeam1536 Words   |  7 Pagesalways wanted to start his own business; he completed a Commerce program at the University of Ottawa and later moved on to work for the Waterloo Ice Cream Company. Ike worked at the company as a sales representative and then a regional marketing director but after working there for ten years he wanted to find a job where he could be close to family. So he bought a business that was for sale in Elgin Beach’s main street called Hannah’s Ice Cream. This forty year business was an i con in the town, everyoneRead MoreSoft and Hard Hr1497 Words   |  6 Pagesin the business and a source of competitive advantage Employees are treated as individuals and their needs are planned accordingly whereas hard HR treats employees simply as a resource of the business like machinery and buildings. †¢ Soft HR concentrates on the needs of employees; their roles, rewards, motivation where as hard HR identifies workforce needs of the business and recruits and manages accordingly. †¢ Soft HR Strategic focus on longer-term workforce planning whereas hard HR Short-termRead MoreThe American Dream Is Not Alive1609 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å" Success is the result of perfection, hard work, learning from failure, loyalty, and persistence (Colin Powell).† The American Dream is the idea that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. Whether you’re tall, short, lean, obese, African American, White, wealthy, or poor, anybody can achieve success by working hard. Although many people believe it is not alive, the American dream has shown why many peopleRead MoreBusiness Report On Fashion Shoes1228 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Written Report My company is called Fashion Shoes, the service I offer to buy shoes online. I will be selling both, men and women shoes. For men, I will be selling working shoes, working boots, cowboy boots, tennis shoes, including others. For women, I will be selling high heels, boots, tennis shoes, sandals, and much more. My business is very different from others, because I sell my product online rather than at a store. Internet or technology is a huge world of deals, many of which areRead MoreAmerican Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay examples1233 Words   |  5 Pagesquality of life through hard work, determination, and devotion† (Benjamin Franklin). 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The Last Holy Book Free Essays

Quran is the last Holy book of Allah revealed upon His last Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Surah Al-Fatiha means â€Å"The Opening† as it is the first chapter of Holy Quran. It contains seven verses which are a prayer for the guidance, lordship and mercy of Allah. We will write a custom essay sample on The Last Holy Book or any similar topic only for you Order Now The meaning of the entire Quran is summarized in this Surah. It has its different names indicating it as a special blessing of Allah. Surah Al-Fatiha is one those chapters of Quran which holds great importance as Allah (SWT) said in the words given below:†And, Indeed, We have bestowed upon thee seven of the often repeated (verses), and this sublime Quran.†Surah Al-Fatiha is very important as one has to start with it when he begins his prayer. Reciting Surah Al-Fatiha five times a day shows the nature of its greatness as a chapter as well as a Dua so that we can be benefitted. In any situation a person may be, be it a difficulty, an illness or a state of suffering or any other problems a person may face in his life Surah al-Fatiha is the cure of all the sufferings. This Surah is a prayer to your Lord for seeking guidance and mercy so that He showers His blessings upon us.Virtues of Surah Al-FatihaThere are many virtues of Surah Al-Fatiha. Starting with the first virtue, it is the greatest chapter in the Quran. It mainly covers the topics discussed in Quran. Another virtue is that as it is recited five times a day during prayers so it is a pillar of prayer. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said:†Whoever does not recite Surah Al-Fatiha in his prayer, his prayer is invalid.†This Surah is contains the cure for the diseases as a companion once recited Surah Al-Fatiha to a person who got bit by a Scorpio and he was cured. It is not just a cure for diseases but it is also a cure for the heart from the evil. It is a light to direct us towards the righteous path. As it has so many virtues it is known as the Mother of Quran.b)Tafseer of Surah Al-Fatiha1. In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, and the Most Merciful†In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, and the Most Merciful† is the first ayah of this Surah. This is also known as Bismillah which is good to recite before doing anything so that we are showered with the blessings of Allah Almighty.The letter BaaThe letter Baa can have three different meanings. First is with/ in the name of Allah. The second is seeking help of the name of Allah and the last seeking blessings with the name of Allah.Al-Rehman and Al-Raheem Al-Rehman and Al-Raheem are the names of Allah which mean mercy. They are derived from the words raa, haa, meem and their meaning is mercy. Whether someone is a Muslim or a non-Muslim, good or bad he is always bestowed with Allah’s mercy. Not only humans but animals and every creature in this universe have His mercy. â€Å"My mercy encompasses all.†The difference between both of them is that Al-Rehman shows the vastness of mercy of Allah and Al-Rehman refers to the Allah’s (SWT) mercy which is specific for the believers. 2. All praise to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds All praise to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds is the second ayah.Many scholars consider that there is not any difference between hamd and shukar. Hamd means praise which is done in love for someone but shukr is different. Shukr is thanking someone in return of something. The meaning of Rabb The word Rabb usually refers to Lord but it also means sustainer, master, nourisher and cherisher. Rabb usually shows the mastery and someone who has control over everything. The meaning of Aalameen The Arabic word Aalameen comes from the root word ‘Ayn-Lam-mim’ which means to know, be aware, knowledge, science or by means of which something can be known. It comes from the word Alam and carries the significance of the meaning world or universe. 3.The Beneficent, the Most MercifulThis is the third ayah of Surah Al-Fatiha. The meaning of these words are already given before but the reason to repeat it again is that Allah (SWT) is giving emphasis on the fact that He is the only Lord who is forgiving and merciful. 4. The Only Owner of the Day of the RecompenseThe fourth ayah is: â€Å"The Only Owner of the Day of the Recompense†. God is the Lord of the Day when all generations of mankind gather together on order to render an account of their conduct, and when each person will be finally rewarded or punished for his deeds. The description of God as Lord of the Day of Judgment following the mention of his benevolence and compassion indicates that we ought to remember another aspect of God as well-namely, that He will judge us all, that He is so absolutely powerful, that on the Day of Judgment no one will have the power either to resist the enforcement of punishments that He decrees or to prevent anyone from receiving the rewards that He decides to confer. Hence, we ought not only to love Him for nourishing and sustaining us and for His compassion and mercy towards us, but should also hold Him in awe because of His justice, and should not forget that our ultimate happiness or misery rests completely with Him. 5. You (alone) we worship and you (alone) we ask for help The fifth ayah is: You (alone) we worship and you (alone) we ask for help. In this ayah it is being addressed that we worship Allah. The concept of worship is often misunderstood by people that it is only about prayers, fasting, and charity etc. Basically worship is everything one says or does for the pleasure of Allah. In other words worship is to obey. The ayah affirms the Lordship of Allah and affirms that worship is due to Him.6. Guide us on the straight pathThe sixth ayah is: Guide us on the straight path. This ayah is a Dua which make to Allah asking Him to guide us on the straight path. We humans get so much involved in the daily affairs of our life and living with different people who may get us involved in bad deeds. Thus we ask for guidance from Allah so that He helps us stay away from the bad deeds and we follow the right path, the one He wants us to follow which is Siraat-e-Mustaqeem. Siraat means path which should reach its goal and should be the shortest route to get there. Mustaqeem means straight, correct etc. thus Siraat-e-Mustaqeem is the straight path or in other words the right path. 7. The path of those you have blessed, not of those with anger on them, nor of those who are astrayAllah (SWT) has explained the above ayah in another ayah:†Whosoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, they are with those whom Allah has favored, and the Prophets, the sincere, the martyrs and the righteous, and these are the best company. † The people who have who have anger on them and who are astray are like Jews and Christians and are not favored and blessed by Allah the way the righteous people are. c)Impact of Surah Al-Fatiha on the life of a Muslim as servant of AllahSurah A-Fatiha has a great impact on the hearts of a Muslim as we recite it five times a day in our Namaz or Salah. And to start our Duas we need to recite it first. This is because of the nature of its greatness as a Dua and as a chapter of Holy Quran. Whenever a person is suffering from any difficulty or problem he needs to recite Surah Al-Fatiha. This Surah contains guidance and cure. Whoever reads Surah Al-Fatiha with belief he will definitely find guidance. Surah al-Fatiha is a cure for physical and also spiritual ailments. Without this Surah, even the daily prayers are incomplete. It is indeed a great treasure that has been given to us by Allah (SWT) through the Holy Prophet (PBUH). As a servant of Allah this Surah guides us towards the right path and good deeds. It creates a sense of gratitude among us as we realize that the hardships were actually the tests which were supposed to bring us closer to Allah (SWT). This makes us praise and thank Allah for all his blessings. This Surah makes us realize that as a servant we have to worship Allah only and ask Him for help so that he guides us on the right path and we are blessed by Him on the Day of Judgment. How to cite The Last Holy Book, Papers

Trophy Wife, B.S. free essay sample

Picking a college major is one of the most influential decisions a student must make. Slews of factors such as personality type, academic strengths, social skills, circadian rhythms, and Starbucks availability serve as driving forces that a student must carefully consider. Being an 18-year-old young woman, I came to the most natural conclusion for my profession of choice: B.S. in Biomedical Engineering. Many people scoffed at my decision; some went as far as to say I had made a mistake. It is a well known fact that women have a high aversion to any task that includes mathematics or science, as such tasks conflict with the maternal drive. Not only that, but the field is composed of socially-awkward elitists who may or may not be asexual. Rather than engineering, many have argued I would be better off teaching, nursing or interior decorating to cater to my â€Å"natural-born strengths†. Though these individuals surely have my best interest at heart, I have a more powerful agenda for selecting this particular major: the acquisition of a husband. We will write a custom essay sample on Trophy Wife, B.S. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Engineering is a man’s world. Today only 20% of all engineering undergraduates are women. To some, this figure may seem daunting; however, to me it is a sign of encouragement. Unlike my non-engineering undergraduate female compatriots, I have essentially maximized my college opportunity. How? By picking a field of study wherein selecting a future husband is easier than finding a gaggle of sorority girls on campus. Indeed, no woman would voluntarily become an engineer to help â€Å"further† society, nor to try and â€Å"cure† the ailing world that seeks some source of reform from its up and coming generation. Instead, we female engineers focus on the more tangible achievement of finding successful, albeit pasty, men to make us shining trophy wives. Engineers are the perfect husbands due to the constant job growth and security of the job market they enter, which provides the most important aspect of a relationship: financial stability. Several factors within the engineering community make this endeavor nearly fool-proof. First, the men of the engineering community are not in touch with their inner fashion sense. Indeed, it seems the endless semesters of calculus have successfully smothered any sense of matching and/or affinity for clothes that do not intentionally stretch. The physical standards male engineers maintain are nearly identical to those of the blind community. Wearing makeup, though it may seem like a necessity in more public oriented careers, seems like an extra-special step for a female engineer. Not only that, but Victoria’s Secret is virtually unknown to most men in this academic fraternity. Though this reasoning may seem shallow, its effectivness is nearly unparalleled. Dressing with care and an ounce of sexuality enables a young lady to befriend the 58 boys in her 60 student chemistry lab without a second’s effort. Next, it is a well known fact engineers are bereft in the department of social skills. Natura lly, when it comes to designing pacemakers, bridges, or circuit boards, there is little time for chit-chat. Yet again, this falls to the advantage of the female engineer due to her natural social inclination and prowess. History has always regarded women as the gentler, more talkative sex, an ability that could easily work to assist in the verbal enchantment of a future husband. Undoubtedly, this skill would go unnoticed in majors such as English, accounting or sociology; however in this environment, it is an anomaly. Statistics have shown male engineers are swayed by pretty words when they come from someone lacking a Y chromosome. Thus, the social advantage women possess furthers the female engineer’s quest during husband-hunting season. Some philosophy majors may argue that this facade is a cruel and ridiculous show to maintain. Indeed, the academic rigor and labor-intensive work that accompanies an engineering degree has been considered inhumane. If a young lady truly wis hes to succeed in getting a man to â€Å"put a ring on it†, she may be forced to actually learn and/or engage in the academic sphere. Though it may seem unnatural, women are more than capable of keeping up with men in these tasks, so long as it is for the pursuit of the greater good: matrimony. All things considered, my choice of major no longer seems quite so absurd. Like many other female engineers, I am only looking to preserve the sanctity of traditional values, despite the facade of academic equality. Until Arizona State University is willing to introduce its own trophy wife major, I will remain an engineer. ?

Themes in A Farewell to Arms

Table of Contents Tragedy War’s devastating effects Masculinity Lack of heroism Escapism Love Works Cited A Farewell to Arms is a novel that is set during World War 1. It is the story of two lovers, Henry and Catherine and the impact of the war on their life and love. The novel has several strong themes that are continuous throughout the books.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Themes in A Farewell to Arms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tragedy The novel ends with Catherine’s death and Henry walking alone back home in the rain. He has lost his baby and the love of his life. When authoring the book, Hemmingway said â€Å"The fact that the book was a tragedy did not make me unhappy since I believed that life was a tragedy and it could only have one end† (Hemmingway, 1948, vii-viii) The author referred to the novel as his Romeo and Juliet. Unlike other forms of tragic narratives whe re the character suffers as a result of his wrong decision, Henry suffers for committing himself to love. He makes the decision that the readers desire him to make. He decides to be with his love, and at the end, it turns out to be a sad affair when Catherine dies. As one reads the book, they sense an inevitable doom for the two lovers. The story will not end with them escaping to Switzerland to live a peaceful life. When the tragedy occurs, the readers come to concur with the author’s thoughts on life. It is indeed a tragedy (Merril, 1974). The tragedy is inevitable similar to the way Macbeth could not be forgiven his sins and restored to virtue or Lear be allowed to live his days with the faithful Cordelia. The author from the beginning of the story creates tragic expectations which must be fulfilled for the piece of literature to succeed. The author creates a sense of foreboding in several ways. When Henry thinks Catherine’s courage, he concludes that â€Å"If peop le bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them so of course, it kills them†¦it kills the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg258-259) When the lovers are in Switzerland and the seasons change from summer to autumn, Catherine also has a bad premonition. She tells Henry â€Å"I’m afraid of the rain because sometimes I see me dead in it.†(Hemmingway, 1948, pg131). The rain in the novel is symbolic of the tragedy that will occur.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pattern of the book’s narrative structure is also a premonition of danger in the future. In the first book, Henry is deep in the war experiencing its horrors. In book two life gets better as he is off the battleground and taken to Milan. He meets Catherine and falls in love. However, in book three, it again changes, and he is back to the war. In book five and six, the couple escapes into Switzerland; however, the reader knows that it will not end well. He waits for the cyclic pattern of peace and turmoil to be fulfilled. War’s devastating effects From the beginning, as the author narrates the story in the setting of World War 1, the reader is shown the horrors and trauma of war. In the second chapter, the landscape is described as â€Å"the forest of oak trees on the mountain beyond the town was gone. The forest had been green in the summer when we had come into the town, but now there were stumps and the broken trunks and the ground torn up.†(Hemmingway, 1948, p6). The war changes the landscape from fruitfulness to barrenness. The first dialogue shows the baiting of a priest by Italian officers. Henry is blown up while consuming a piece of cheese. As he is being transported to the hospital, a dead soldier bleeds all over him. The bleeding soldier had been put ab ove him in the ambulance. The man bleeds on Henry till he dies. Henry remembers that the stream of blood just kept on flowing. â€Å"In the dark, I could not see where it came from the canvas overhead†¦ After a while, the stream from the stretcher above lessened and started to drip again and I heard and felt the canvas move as the man on the stretcher settled more comfortably. â€Å"How is he?† the Englishman called back. â€Å"We’re almost up.† â€Å"He’s dead I think,† I said (Hemingway, 1948, pg61). Two of his favorite subordinates, Passini and Aymo die, and he feels that they died unreasonably. By the end of the war, his best friend, Rinaldi ends up having a depression. When Henry asks Catherine what happened to his fiancà ©e the way she responds to the questions shows the devastating effects of the war. â€Å"He didn’t have a saber cut. They blew him all to bits† (Hemingway, p20). The author’s choice of words shows how he personally felt about the World Wars. The wounds that the characters get in the war show the way they affect the individual’s life even when they are away from the battlefield. While Henry is in Milan, he runs into an American-Italian on his convalescenceAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Themes in A Farewell to Arms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More leave. Ettore Moretti had been injured three times in his body. He had a wound on the shoulder, on the leg, and the foot. Moretti describes his injury in lurid detail. â€Å"There’s dead bone in my foot that stinks right now. Every morning I take new pieces out, and it stinks all the time† (Hemingway, 1948, pg122). There are feelings of helplessness, defeat, and despair. Henry himself also suffers from an injury and has to take some time off recuperating in Milan. The doctor describes his wounds in detail. â€Å"Multiple superficia l wounds of the left and right thigh and the left and right knee and right foot. Deep wounds of right knee and foot. Lacerations of the scalp†¦with possible fracture of the skull. Incurred in the line of duty† (Hemingway, 1948, pg59). Masculinity This is one of the main themes in the novel. Women are portrayed or treated as sexual objects. The reader encounters the first hero, Rinaldi in a brothel. Catherine Barkley is a nurse in the world of the Italians where all the women are viewed as whores. Rinaldi speaks to her and even fantasizes about marriage with her, but eventually, his attitude goes back to the standard attitude of male dominance and chivalry. â€Å"What a lovely girl†¦Does she understand that? She will make you a fine boy. A fine blonde like she is†¦ What a lovely girl.†(Hemmingway, 1948, pg99). If one encounters a doctor, he would ask if he is excellent in surgery and can make a fine leg. However, in the novel, Rinaldi thinks whether the nu rse is sexually adequate if she will be able to make a fine boy! When Henry comes back from Milan, Rinaldi asks him whether Catherine was of practical help to him. The question carries with it a strong sexual connotation. The soldiers visit whores and regard the women as nothing more as the nature of work that they do. When the whores are being loaded into a truck for a retreat, the men start talking about how much they are being overcharged for the women’s services. They speak of the low value they get from them. â€Å"Over in half an hour or fifteen minutes. Sometimes less. Sometimes a good deal less.† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg170-171).Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The soldiers in another scene start baiting the priest with sexual jokes, totally disrespecting the nature of the life he has chosen and making him profoundly uncomfortable. There is hostility between Henry and the women in authority. He also shows chivalry and a domineering masculine nature when he interacts with the head of the hospital in Milan, Miss Van Campen. The nurse sees Henry as domineering and rude while Henry sees that she is jealous of the sexual relationship he has with Catherine. He considers Miss Campen as the old maid who persecutes those who have sex as she has never experienced sex herself. In the final struggle with her, he tells her she cannot judge him since she is not a man. Secondly, he does not view her as a full woman either because she has not had any sexual experiences (Fetterley, 1976). Henry does not like being dominated by any woman who is evident when he speaks of his experiences with whores. â€Å"Does she(the whore) say that she loves him?†¦ Y es if he wants her to. Does he say he loves her? He does if he wants to† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg105). Catherine in speaking of her dead fiancà ©e tells Henry how he wanted them to have sex. However, Catherine was reluctantly bound by the traditional mindsets of the society at that time. This shows the difference in how men and women perceived sex at that time. It is a casual affair for the men while it carries significant weight for the women. Lack of heroism The author does not show the traditional kind of hero that is often portrayed in war literature books. When comparing Henry to these heroes, he immediately falls short or pales in comparison. In the period that Henry is first called to serve at the Italian Front, Henry does not show any heroic thoughts on the war or retribution. He spends idyllic days with his friends in brothels and cafes. â€Å"I watched the snow falling, looking out of the window of the bawdy house, the house for officers, where I sat with a friend and two glasses drinking a bottle of Asti† (Hemingway,1948, pg6). There are feelings of detachment from Henry concerning the war (Silvester, 2002). He is not involved emotionally in the process. He goes ahead and naively thinks â€Å"well, I knew I would not be killed. Not in this war. It did not have anything to do with me. It seemed no more dangerous than a war in the movies†(Hemingway, 1948, pg37). Henry at the beginning of the novel is a naà ¯ve man on the war and its close devastating effects (Dodman, 2006). When Catherine asks why as an American he is fighting in the Italian army, Henry gives a lot of evasive answers. It is an odd thing which Catherine mentions to him, but Henry just comments that in life there are at times when there is no explanation for everything. This shows the lack of traditional heroism attributes in Henry again. A heroic individual would have taken the opportunity to elaborate on the importance of fighting in the war and the reasons for his actions. He describes how his injury occurred while he was eating cheese. There are no glorified stories as he narrates the incident. He does not show heroism or patriotism. They are almost irrelevant to him (Hatten, 1993) He also feels a lot of helplessness at his role as an ambulance driver in the war. He does not see how he plays a critical role in the whole process. Henry observes that â€Å"Everything seemed in good condition. It evidently made no difference whether I was there or not. I had imagined that the condition of the cars, whether, or not things were obtainable, the smooth functioning of the business of removing wounded and sick from the dressing stations †¦ depended to a considerable extent on myself. Evidently it did not matter whether I was there or not (Hemingway, 1948, pg16). Initially, he had thought he was important, and the smooth running of operations depended on him. Henry faces the reality of the war and its horrors in the battleground that totally sha tters the way he used to see things. Certain concepts lose meaning. The value of a man’s life seems not to carry much weight as he sees the dead soldiers. His thoughts are now devoid of any heroism or similar concepts. He concludes that the â€Å"Abstract words such as glory, honor courage, or hallow were obscene†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Hemingway, 1948, pg185). He is under such trauma that he says â€Å"I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory, and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it† (Hemingway, 1948, pg185). The honor and glory of the dead soldier are not expressed by Catherine either when she speaks of her dead fiancà ©e. She tells Henry that her fiancà ©e was killed and that was the end. Her actual words are that he was blown to bits. There is no portrayal of the woman who despite her loss speaks of her brave and patriotic man who participated in the war and lost his life. In the end, Henry gives in to his desire to be with Catherine and deserts the army. He feels a lot of shame though for what he has done and tells Catherine that they live like criminals. â€Å"l wish we did not always have to live like criminals,† I said. â€Å"Darling, don’t be that way. You haven’t lived like a criminal very long†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"l feel like a criminal. I’ve deserted from the army.† â€Å"Darling, please be sensible. It ‘s not deserting from the army. It’s only the Italian army.† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg251) Escapism There is the element of individuals seeking escape in A Farewell to Arms. Catherine meets Henry when she is mourning for her dead fiancà ©. She does not really deal with her pain but immediately starts flirting and engaging in a romance with Henry. She uses love to escape from the pain. Similarly, Henry has seen the horrors of war which have had a significant impact on him. He also escapes int o a love relationship with Catherine. In the end, he even escapes from his duties and goes with Catherine to Switzerland where they can live an idyllic life. He, however, does feel guilty for the decisions that he has made. They, therefore, find a form of temporary solace from the pain they have experienced. What started as a pleasant distraction for both of them soon becomes what sustains them and prevents them from going crazy in their minds. The novel portrays that love has some curative properties for the ones who choose to use it in order to escape from pain. However, the individual who still uses love to escape pain can never really be wholly healed; he will always to some extent be in pain. Love, therefore, is shown as a metaphor for illness and cure (Lahrmann, 2006) Love In the book, love is a recurrent theme that plays a significant role both in Henry’s and Catherine’s lives. The way the couple relates shows the depth of their feelings for each other. Looking at what Catherine tells Henry concerning her feelings, they are now past the age of flirting to deep feelings for each other. Initially, they had been playing and flirting with each other which Catherine knows very well. â€Å"I did not love Catherine Barkley nor had any idea of loving her. This was a game like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards†¦ â€Å"This is a rotten game we play, isn’t it?† â€Å"What game?† â€Å"Don’t be dull.† â€Å"I’m not, on purpose.† â€Å"You’re a nice boy,† she said. â€Å"And you play it as well as you know how. But it’s a rotten game.† â€Å"Do you always know what people think?† â€Å"Not always. But I do with you. You don’t have to pretend you love me. That’s over for the evening†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"But I do love you.† â€Å"Please let’s not lie when we don’t have to. I had a very fine little show, an d I’m all right now. â€Å"(Hemmingway,1948, pg 30- l). Catherine’s fiancà © had been killed in the war, and after nearly a year in mourning, she was still in pain. Henry was initially a diversion, a stand-in for the time being to play with. When Catherine slaps Henry in another scene, he gets angry but is certain of conquering her. He plans to achieve mastery of the game, seeing their interaction together as moves in a chess game. Later, they fall in love and their conversation changes. Catherine, deep in love tells Henry â€Å"I’ll say just what you wish and I’ll do what you wish, and then you will never want any other girls will you? There isn’t any me any more. Just what you want.† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg115) Catherine is very submissive even as she expresses her love to her man (Lockridge, 1988) â€Å"There isn’t any me. I ‘m you. You’re my religion. You’re all I’ve got † (Hemmingway, 1948, pg 1 16). Henry, in the beginning, had portrayed himself as an individual who does not love at all. He had told the priest that he does not love. In the course of the novel; however, he falls deeply in love with Catherine, abandons the army and escapes with her into Switzerland. Works Cited Dodman, Trevor. â€Å"Going All to Pieces†: â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† as Trauma Narrative† Twentieth Century Literature,52.3 (2006):249-274. Print. Fetterley, Judith. â€Å"A Farewell to Arms: Hemingway’s â€Å"Resentful Cryptogram† The Journal of Popular Culture, X:1 (1976): 203–214. Print. Hatten, Charles. â€Å"The Crisis of Masculinity, Reified Desire, and Catherine Barkley in â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† Journal of the History of Sexuality, 4.1(1993): 76-98. Print. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York. 1948. Print. Lahrmann, Jessica. â€Å"Metaphorical Illness in Hemingway’s Works.† College Undergraduate Research Electronic J ournal (2006): 1-30. https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=httpsredir=1article=1016context=curejseiredir=1#search=%22escape%20from%20pain%20farewell%20arms%20journal%22 Lockridge, Ernest. â€Å"Faithful in Her Fashion: Catherine Barkley, the Invisible Hemingway Heroine†. The Journal of Narrative Technique, 18.2(1988): 170-178. Print. Merril, Robert. â€Å"Tragic Form in a Farewell to Arms.† American Literature, 45. 4(1974): 571-579. Print. Silvester, Katie. â€Å"The Wound in War Literature: An Image of Heroism† Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston, 1(2002):214-231. Print. This research paper on Themes in A Farewell to Arms was written and submitted by user Jocelynn Schultz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Quotes

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Quotes Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis  (full name Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis and often called Jackie Kennedy when she was First Lady) brought a youthful elegance to the White House during her tenure there. Briefly a photographer before her marriage to John F. Kennedy, and an editor after she was widowed for the second time when Aristotle Onassis died, she was mother to John F. Kennedy, Jr., and Caroline Kennedy (Schlossberg). Onassis was born in 1929 to the wealthy Bouvier family. She studied French literature at George Washington University before starting her photography career. Like many women, she left her career behind to marry her first husband, John F. Kennedy, and became one of the most iconic First Ladies during his presidency. She remarried in 1968, five years after Kennedys assassination, and remained married to shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis until his 1975 death. After her second husbands death, she returned to her professional career, becoming a book editor, first at Viking Press, then at Doubleday. She also advocated for historic preservation and was lightly involved in Democratic politics in her later years. Throughout her life, she was looked upon as a style icon, and still is to this day. In 1994, she died aged 64 of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Quotes About Marriage and Family If you bungle raising your children, I dont think whatever else you do well matters very much. There are many little ways to enlarge your childs world. Love of books is the best of all. Ill be a wife and mother first, then First Lady. What is sad for women of my generation is that they werent supposed to work if they had families. What were they going to do when the children are grown - watch the raindrops coming down the window pane? The one thing I do not want to be called is First Lady. It sounds like a saddle horse. Can anyone understand how it is to have lived in the White House and then, suddenly, to be living alone as the Presidents widow? (1974, in McCalls) Now, I think that I should have known that [Kennedy] was magic all along. I did know it - but I should have guessed that it would be too much to ask to grow old with and see our children grow up together. So now, he is a legend when he would have preferred to be a man. I dont think there are any men who are faithful to their wives. The first time you marry for love, the second for money, and the third for companionship. I think the best thing I can do is to be a distraction. A husband lives and breathes his work all day long. If he comes home to more table thumping, how can the poor man ever relax? Quotes About Career An Editor becomes kind of your mother. You expect love and encouragement from an Editor. (while Editor at Doubleday) Being a reporter seems a ticket out to the world. When Harvard men say they have graduated from Radcliffe, then weve made it. I always wanted to be some kind of writer or newspaper reporter. But after college... I did other things. Quotes About Life Even though people may be well known, they hold in their hearts the emotions of a simple person for the moments that are the most important of those we know on earth: birth, marriage and death. I want to live my life, not record it. There are two kinds of women: those who want power in the world, and those who want power in bed. Being away from home gave me the chance to look at myself with a jaundiced eye. I learned not to be ashamed of a real hunger for knowledge, something I had always tried to hide, and I came home glad to start in here again with a love for Europe that I am afraid will never leave me.

Political Science Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Science - Assignment Example The term â€Å"Politics† has been coined from the Greek term ‘Polis’ that meant city – state (Murali, et al, 1). There are five major subfields in the discipline of political science which are American Government, Comparative Government, Public Administration, International Relations and Political Theory (The Subfields of Political Science). American Government – it is concerned with the American system of government and exposes the student to its different functionalities. Comparative Government – this section explains about the different comparisons of the governments in the world. Public Administration- this deals with the study of government bureaucracies. International Relations- it involves a detail study of the different international systems in the world. Political Theory –it is divided into empirical political theory and normative political philosophy. Answer 2 The four primary subfields in political science get their ideas fro m the western political thoughts. Political science is considered as a relatively new concept that began in the early nineteenth century. Before the beginning of political science as a separate discipline, politics was studied as a part of the natural philosophy. There were many terms in political science like parliament that were derived from the existing western political governments. For these reasons, it is considered that the essence of political science is westernized in many respects. Political science is a combination of several subfields each of which pertains to a separate area of study and understanding. For gaining a complete understanding of the subject, it will be necessary to have a fair idea of all its related subfields. For this reason, it is said that the knowledge in political science is a cumulative knowledge of different but inter related topics. Answer 3 Power has been defined in many ways depending on the social and political interests. As a single definition of power is not easy to frame, Galileo had stated that power is an â€Å"essentially contested concepts† and â€Å"concepts the proper use of which inevitably involves endless disputes about their proper uses on the part of their users† (Pansardi, 1). According to the Weber power has been defined as â€Å"the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistances, regardless of the basis on which this probability rests† (Swedberg, 205). Conflict is defined as the situation that arises when there are disagreements between parties over an issue. Social conflict can arise over how the resources of the society are to be utilized and how much of it would be allotted to every individuals. Answer 4 There are different approaches of studying political science. These are Positivism,  Functionalism, Structuralism,  Interpretivism  and Materialism (Marxism). Positivism - Positivism is the philosophy of science which is based on the concept that in social sciences, data is derived from the sensory experiences (Blaikie, 113) and the logical or the mathematical expressions of the data, are in all, an exclusive interpretation for the authoritative knowledge. Obtaining and verification of the data which can be obtained from the senses is called empirical evidence. Positivism view holds the concept that society operates based on the laws found in the physical world. Structuralism –

Five Steps that Comprise an effective framework Essay

Five Steps that Comprise an effective framework - Essay Example Therefore, the organization must respond to any opportunity or threat coming on the way. Nevertheless, it can only do that by doing an environmental scanning to research those factors. The external factors include social cultural, environmental, technological, political, economic, and legal factors (Bhandari, 2013). The organization needs to comprise an effective framework when conducting the matrix to ensure that the strategic tool is efficient enough. The organization must follow the right procedure to avoid mathematical or any ignorance or negligence mistake that may end up costing the organization. This is because the matrix is the key of reference when the organization is undertaking any project that requires large amount of capital to start and run and it is of high risks (Lodato, 2014). This matrix will help in analyzing the effect of the external factors and how the organization can respond to them; increase rate of return and reduce, avoid or eliminate the risks. Therefore, the organization must follow the following steps in constructing an effective, efficient, and a reliable EFE matrix: Firstly, the organization should summarize, analyze, and evaluate the external factors that portray themselves as opportunities or threats. For instance, it has to consider the social factors like the age of the population, the cultural beliefs, gender, the level of literacy and so many others. Additionally, it needs to list the economic factors that may include interest rates, foreign exchange rates, level of completion, economic growth, economies of scale, rate of savings and investments. Others include the customer’s disposable income and trends in the stock market. It has to list the political and legal factors that affect the organization like government rules and policies, globalization trends, government subsidies, regulations in international trade, the rate of taxation and so many others. It must include all the environmental factors

International business management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International business management - Assignment Example 3- Socio-Cultural Factors: Majority of the organizations avoid introducing their products in the international market due to socio-cultural factors. Organizations fear that introducing any product or operating their business activities in a different culture with unusual traditions may risk their reputation and this could have an adverse affect on their potential growth. Therefore, it is important to know that it is the sound understanding of the social and cultural factors that distinguish the business operations of an international and domestic firm. Domestic firms possess better understanding of the social and cultural factors unlike an international firm which struggles hard to analyze and understand them. An international business may lose the business opportunity in the host country, if it fails to understand the local environment, behavior, attitudes and various other cultural factors. 4- Technological Factors: Technological factors play an important role in creating issues fo r an international firm to start their business activities in such a country that has little or no proper technological and communication infrastructure. This would increase the cost of producing or starting a venture in the host country. Differences between Domestic and International Strategy: Factors Domestic Conditions Global Conditions Culture Homogeneous Heterogeneous Currency Standard and uniform Different currencies and exchange rates Economy Stable and consistent Uncertain economical conditions Government Stable Unstable and uncertain Labor Easy availability of skilled workers Hard to find the skilled labors. Language Single Language Different languages with different dialects Marketing Many media, broad exposure and few restrictions. Fewer media, minimum... The paper tells that globalization has helped the economies to improve their trade, investment and how these economies can enhance their international businesses. There are different issues that a firm takes into an account before entering the global market. It is highly important for an organization to carefully analyze all the key issues and factors that can affect on the international operations before entering into global market. These key international issues are: economic forces; political and legal factors; socio-cultural factors and technological factors. Corporate social responsibility refers to the set of obligations on a firm for its approach towards social contribution in the society it operates. As we know that, multinational corporations operate in a culturally and socially diversified structure therefore, they are under more challenges to fulfill their share of corporate social responsibility in the country they are operating as compare to domestic/local firms. Multina tional corporations operate in the host country with the intention of benefiting the host country by bringing employment opportunities to them, giving boost to their economy and by introducing the latest technology in the country. However, there are certain factors that MNCs should consider while operating in any other country such as taking care of the corporate social responsibility which is an obligation to be fulfilled on all the MNCs. This is mainly due to the fact that these international businesses face more challenges as compare to domestic firms and local businesses.

Astronaut Performance and Health Risks

Astronaut Performance and Health Risks One of the major NASAs operation is space exploration which is the constant investigation and discovery of celestial patterns in the space by means of developing and increasing space technology. Although the space is studied by astronomers using telescopes, it can be physically explored both by unmanned robotic assistances and human astronauts. As the period of the space mission and the distance of the exploration increases, the importance of systems monitoring astronaut health increases as well. For example, as a result of factors such as gravity fields, space radiation, change in pressure, change in oxygen level, distance and long-term weightlessness, human body may suffer significant hazardous effects including muscle atrophy, spaceflight osteopenia, cardiovascular system malfunctioning, balance disorders, eyesight disorders and immune system weakening. NASAs new policies for space exploration by astronauts mandates significant changes and improvements in astronaut health monitori ng systems. Therefore, health monitoring throughout all phases of space exploration including in-flight and extra-vehicular activity is essential. The real-time monitoring of astronauts physiological situations should be performed, either onboard or from Earth, and the obtained information must be evaluated. To examine the astronauts performance and health risks involved with space missions and develop essential technology and breakthroughs to minimize the risks and provide safer and more effective exploration, the Human Research Program (HRP) has been found at NASA [1]. The research scope of this program falls on four sections of Exploration Medical Capability, Human Factors and Behavioral Performance, Human Health Countermeasure, and Space Radiation. The overall emphasis of Exploration Medical Capability research section is to develop novel technologies to deal with the challenges of extending human space exploration and habitation. It is particularly intended to provide evidence-based techniques to observe and preserve astronaut health. To fulfil this objective, it is necessary to develop methods to detect and avoid any health risks that might happen during space missions [2]. To do so, an integrated research plan is employed by HRP to recognize the methods and research activities int ended to deal with health threats, which are allocated to certain sections within the program and is placing requests for more detailed and accurate data to be recorded relative to astronaut health monitoring. Such efforts are raising awareness for the need to deploy effective and comprehensive physiological monitoring in order to develop accurate documentation of astronaut health during Extra-vehicular activity and event performance. Conventionally, the only physiological factor observed through NASA extra-vehicular activities was the heart rate. Modern spacesuits integrate comprehensive life-support systems and modular components. These spacesuits highly assist space missions mostly throughout maintenance jobs and exploration operations. A variety of spacesuits has been made in the course of time and they have developed into todays modern, modular and self-contained forms [3]. Monitoring the crew members through their spacesuits during the space operations such as extra-vehicular activities provides the information about the performance and health of the members as well as the environmental awareness which is necessary to fulfil mission requirements. However, most of these methods require direct contacts of sensors, either in the form of electrode or garment, to the body which, under certain conditions such as anxiety and perspiration, make the results not to be error-free [4]. Therefore, the need for contact-less sensors able to monitor physiological and health status of the astronauts especially during extra-vehicular activity is essential. Furthermore, these sensors must be non-invasive or minimally invasive and very sensitive and provide real time information. On top of that, the sensors should be durable, gravity-independent, low in power consumption, compact in size while simply repairable or replaceable. To fill the gap for effective monitoring we propose†¦.. The objectives of this proposal are highly aligned with NASAs requirements as follows [1]: EVA 10: Can knowledge and use of real-time physiological and system parameters during EVA operations improve crew health and performance? EVA 8: What are the physiological inputs and outputs associated with EVA operations in exploration environments? Osteo 5: We need an inflight capability to monitor bone turnover and bone mass changes during spaceflight. Sleep Gap 1: We need to identify a set of validated and minimally obtrusive tools to monitor and measure sleep-wake activity and associated performance changes for spaceflight. SM7.1: Determine if there are decrements in performance on functional tasks after long-duration spaceflight. Determine how changes in physiological function, exercise activity, and/or clinical data account for these decrements. Team Gap 2: We need to identify a set of validated measures, based on the key indicators of team function, to effectively monitor and measure team health and performance fluctuations during autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions. References: [1] https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/ [2] https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Explore/ [3] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-next-generation-of-suit-technologies [4] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/technology-onepagers/life-guard.html

The Argument Essay: Just Dont Do It! -- Argumentative Persuasive Topi

The Argument Paper: Just Don't Do It! Â   English 101 is incredibly challenging and overwhelming to the typical college student. A narrative reflective essay, an expository essay, a novel, and the Nelson-Denny Reading Comprehension test are all crammed into ten weeks of backbreaking work. However, the most intolerable assignment of all has not even been mentioned yet: the argument paper! Students run around shrieking and cursing when they are handed the assignment. Most of them are enveloped by insanity during the writing process. When I mentioned the dreaded argument paper to a fellow classmate, he said that he felt my pain. English 101 students should not be required to write an argument paper because it is detrimental to their emotional well-being. Some people may think it necessary to know how to write an argument paper. Everyone will have to do it at least once in his or her life, and Freshman English is the place to learn how. But that is not the case. In truth, I have never heard of anyone writing an argument paper unless he or she is required to by law or is plannin...